For the purposes of this debate, a brain emulation is a technology that creates a functional replica of a human brain, or parts of it. It replicates the function or activity of the part of the brain that it replaces, such as by processing information and responding to stimuli in the same way as a biological brain, or replicating thoughts and memories.

The Khalistan Movement is a movement by Sikhs who advocate for the creation of an independent state called Khalistan in India. It gained momentum in the 1980s in Punjab, India, where Sikhs faced persecution as a minority religious group. There is tension between the Indian government and the most vocal Sikhs of the movement who reside abroad.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a unique technology that enables geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the genome by removing, adding or altering sections of the DNA sequence of humans, animals and plants. E.g. For humans and animals, edits can be made to the DNA of somatic cells (body cells except for sperm and eggs), sex cells (sperm and eggs), zygotes (fertilised eggs) and embryos.

Literature, folklore, and cultures all around the world commonly hold conceptions of elders as inherently wise and knowledgeable (e.g., societal norms of elder respect, the wise old woman/man in fables, literary archetypes, etc.)

Progressive federalism is the pursuit of progressive policy goals using the state governments as opposed to the US Federal system ie. National govenment